how does douglass refute this counterclaim?

The Common Core State Standards for grades 7-12 include the counterclaim in the argumentative essay (W. 1.0). Measuring him by the sentiment of his country, a sentiment he was bound as a statesman to consult, he was swift, zealous, radical, and determined. 3 - Reasons. II, pp. In like manner, the election of Barack Obama as President might be viewed as the culminating, climactic event of the Civil Rights Era, signifying the advent of a post-racial America and vindicating once and for all the mainstream, integrationist tradition in AfricanAmerican political thought lately exemplified by King. Frederick Douglass shows her fast transformation from generosity to hard-heartedness to show the pernicious effect slavery has on white slave owners. Under its influence, the tender heart became stone, and the lamblike disposition gave way to one of tigerlike fierceness" (page 28). Slaverys primary victims, mostly knowing nothing of the Declaration itself, would corroborate its truth by their various acts of resistance, displaying their natural love of liberty and their moral humanity as rights-possessors. In his reasonable faith in their ultimate triumph in America, Douglass found an enormous reservoir of strength that he labored to share with others. IV, p. 459. Frederick Douglass devoted his singular 54-year career of public advocacy to the grand, mutually inseparable causes of the liberation and elevation of his fellow black Americans and the racial and moral integration of America. In what turned out to be Douglasss most prescient argument, slaverys demise would come about in the following sequence of events. The analysis of the under discussion autobiography indicates a lot of major universal themes and human exploitation is one of them. All of the violence and the degradation was intended, Douglass makes clear, to rob African-Americans of their humanity. To remedy the degradation and impoverishment that proceeded from this culture of indolence, Douglass throughout the postwar years insistently extolled the property right and the virtues of free labor that supported it, and he called upon his fellow black Americans in particular to cultivate the self-reliant virtues of industry, productivity, and thrift. In The Blessings of Slavery, by George Fitzhugh he states that southern slaves for the most part are the freest and happiest people in the world. In a standard, five-paragraph argumentative essay, there are three sections, each with their own components. [28] Douglass, Address on the Twentieth Anniversary of Emancipation, April 16, 1883, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Key Items Necessary: 1 - Transition. What is the Function of a Claim in an Argument? Every year adds to the black mans numbers. It's how the detective is able to put the criminal in jail. Viewed in its larger significance, the Union victory meant a victory not only over an extreme, implicitly anarchic variant of the state-sovereignty doctrine, but also over the no less pernicious doctrines of sectionalism and racial supremacy. While this quote is from a credible source (Carolina Justice Policy Center) and provides factual evidence, the evidence is not relevant to the specific claim and reasoning provided. The question that has with stood the test of time is, are these encounters that have been written out, exaggerated or the whole truth and nothing but the truth? In the early 1800s Frederick Douglass was born in Tuckahoe, Maryland, and grew up on Colonial Edward Lloyds plantation. . In the end, these elements of freedom-becoming educated-led to his last act of rebellion, which he thought would bring him freedom. He was appealing to the public to honor those victims claim for a slight measure of compensation in a fashion carefully tailored to their needs and to the deepest of the wrongs that they had suffered. Rejectthe counterclaim. Whereas Douglass from the outset called urgently and insistently for the Civil Wars prosecution as an abolition war, Lincoln saw in such a course of action only a self-destructive rashnessa premature radicalizing of the war, most likely to result in the disaffection of vital allies and, ultimately, the catastrophic failure of the Union cause. Second, it indicates Douglasss reluctance to support more radical measures such as the plan for confiscation proposed in 1867 by Pennsylvania Congressman Thaddeus Stevens, leader of the Radical Republicans in the House of Representatives. What counterclaim does Douglass address in his dpeech in From what to the slave is the 4th of July? When providing evidence to support reasoning, always make sure that the evidence comes from a credible source and that it is directly relevant to the reasoning. A counterclaim is just the opposite of a claim. His life was transformed yet again in August 1841, when the nations foremost abolitionist, William Lloyd Garrison, heard him speak at meetings in New Bedford and Nantucket, Massachusetts, and promptly offered him a position as a lecturer for the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. A broad array of racially freighted social problems persists and even intensifies in the postCivil Rights Era, in the face of which the ideals of the civil rights cause cannot be said to have been fully realized. 4. Additionally, it comes from a credible source: an academic paper from the. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. 280 (1981), established criteria that supervisors must consider in determining an appropriate penalty to impose for an act of employee misconduct. It is very difficult to see how the forward- and upward-looking labor required to achieve the ends of justice for all and black elevation in America is to be sustained amid a spreading sentiment of alienation from America. To this day, Douglass endures unequalled as the invincible adversary of racial despair and disaffectionthe preeminent exemplar and apostle of hopefulness in the American promise of justice for all. Due to this criticism, he had to mask much of his work with irony. Identify the parts of an argumentative essay. But there are two sides to every argument. It must be acknowledged that most of the Founders, with notable exceptions, were not racial integrationists; yet despite their particular doubts, racial integration is a legitimate inference from their principles, as Douglass forcefully argued. How does the concept vocabulary sharpen the reader's understanding of III, p. 274. Claims are not just opinions. It was above all in Americas original and unforgettable dedication to those principles that Douglass found reason to love and identify with his country, despite the injustices that he and his people had suffered. In response, however, influential scholars and activists have embraced a radical critique of America that is much more likely to worsen those problems than it is to resolve them. We want no black Ireland in America, he warned in response to the Supreme Courts disappointing ruling in the Civil Rights Cases in 1883no American counterpart to the aggrieved, unproductive, disproportionately criminal (under)class that Douglass viewed as the natural issue of Englands injustice. According to Douglass, how do laws in the South prove that slaves are human beings? A character which might pass without censure as a slave cannot so pass as a freeman. H e engages in a fight with his master. Accept the criticism of the counterclaim. 217, 219. Good reasoning for a claim is on topic, logically sound, factual, and can be supported by evidence. [32] Douglass, What the Black Man Wants, January 1, 1865, in Douglass Papers, Vol. V, p. 105. One of the key arguments in The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass as well as in other narratives about slaves is inequality. [54] Douglass, To the Editor of the National Republican, in Life and Writings, Vol. The function of a claim is to provide the author's argument. Douglass rejected the various white disintegrationists for obvious reasons, and he rejected the black variants too. He gives reasons for this claim and backs them up with evidence. 29 plumtrees road newtown, ct; popular subdivision names; how to cite the implicit association test Most Africans that were either captured, born, or sold in America, lived the life of a typical slave, however Frederick Douglass was the exception. He says of Sophia Auld, "Slavery proved as injurious to her as it did to me" (page 28). How to Teach Essaysincludes 42 skill-based essay strategy worksheets (fillable PDFs and 62 Google slides), beginning with simple 3-word paragraphs and proceeding step-by-step to complex multi-paragraph essays. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. Post comments: direct characterization of clarisse fahrenheit 451 direct characterization of clarisse fahrenheit 451 Ten years later, in an Independence Day address, he issued a similar, much more pointed appeal. Open Document. A claim tells what you think is true about a topic based on your knowledge and your research. This strategy displays the idea that slaves were seen as property and could be discarded easily. (a) In one sentence, state Douglass's argument, -abolsih slavery in the eyes of God/our country. How he acquired it is a part of his story not to be neglected. . V, pp. How would you like to be able to win any argument? Tell why all or part of the opposing point of view may be reasonable, plausible, or valid, but minimize the opposing position. II, p. 528 (emphasis in original). [1] Martin Luther King, Jr., I Have a Dream, in A Testament of Hope: The Essential Writings and Speeches of Martin Luther King, Jr., ed. [5] As Abraham Lincoln and many others have observed, the claim that the Founders regarded blacks or nonwhites as beings lacking equal natural rights is altogether false. He in a sense manipulates the children around him into teaching him how to read and write. If you've ever said this or something like it, you've made a claim. It is particularly important also to pay renewed attention to the most thoughtful apostles of the integrationist faith among the major figures of the AfricanAmerican protest tradition. Covey was at the house, about one hundred yards from the treading-yard where we were fanning. : Da Capo Press, 2001), p. 688. He taught them through all their hardships to love their country and their future in it. Dont pick a straw man. In other words, dont pick a weak opposing argument that is too easy to refute. Douglasss new office as editor broadened his education as an abolitionist, and over the next few years, his differences with his erstwhile mentors grew more pronounced. [56] To the Editor of the National Republican, in Life and Writings, Vol. The time for such argument is passed. The broadest and bitterest of the black mans misfortunes is the fact that he is everywhere regarded and treated as an exception to the principles and maxims which apply to other men.[35], In its concrete applications, Douglasss principle of fair play meant first that the white majority must refrain from various courses of action whereby it might be tempted to evade rather than to resolve properly the problem of race relations. Despite that glimmer of dignity at his origin, the year of his birth and the identity of his own father remained unknown to him throughout his life. The position of Douglass and constitutional radicals, by contrast, was that the Constitution was in the strict sense abolitionist. For its first 18 months, Douglass found in Lincolns presidency mostly a confirmation of his doubts. To be deprived of the vote in America, or in any democracy, he continued, is to suffer a double injustice. 117118. to this land, when it strips five millions of its people of all motives for cultivating an upright character.[36]. 'My friends that have Internet access make the Honor Roll.'. That appreciation was, however, specific to the maturity of his thought. Step-by-step explanation: Answer options: a. dependence on a neighbor for water trade access; 364365. Some of his works are obvious and others are a bit harder to see. He can no longer stand his new sense of education and knowledge. America must be envisioned and remade by its white and black citizens alike as AfricanAmericans genuine home, not merely by the accident and force of necessity but as an object of their rational and sentimental identification. He not only. Through his knowledge, he learns more about his situation and potential. Body--The body of a five-paragraph essay is three paragraphs. -the struggle for freedom changes through history by always separating one race from the other, and calling one superior IV, p. 319. [27], Through long and deep reflection, Douglass finally came to regard Lincoln as the one manto whom we are more indebted for a United Nation and for American liberty than to any otherthe greatest statesman that ever presided over the destinies of this Republic.[28], Lincolns assassination was the crowning crime of slavery, as Douglass declared in his 1876 memorial, and it was also a damaging blow to hopes for a just and prudent policy for the nations postwar reconstruction. There is a power in numbers, wealth and intelligence, which can never be despised nor defied. [50] Self-reliant virtue was indispensable to the cause of national integration, just as it was an essential condition of the securing of rights. A few of which include inequality, education, and Christianity as the keys to freedom in terms of its true values within the institution of slavery. Viewing it amid the grand course of human events, Douglass saw in the Civil War an event of epochal moral significance. 'Mom, I really need a new cell phone!' IV, p. 436. Wiki User. Sometimes, an author breaks their overall claim, or thesis, into smaller claims called sub-claims. Identify two biblical allusions Douglass makes, and then explain how each contributes to Douglass's overall argument -He wants to use any means to convince people to end slavery. She has something to say against your claim that you need a new cell phone, and it goes something like, 'No, you don't.'. It did much more, that is, than convey the Framers general disapproval of slavery and their design to recognize slavery only as a local institution, to tolerate it only as a necessary, temporary evil, and to contain its expansion to the end of promoting its eventual abolition. Plus, each essay includes a detailed analytical (not holistic) rubric for assessment-based learning. Evidence - something that proves the truth of a claim, or leads to a . Evidence tells your reader how your claim is proved. In particular, slaveholders perpetrated no greater wrong than their withholding of education from those enslaved. Contrary to conventional wisdom, it's much more costly to execute a person than to imprison them for life" (Andre and Velasquez). He then begins to think getting his education could be his way to liberty and freedom and though he endeavors to learn much as he can, he starts to doubt whether he is correct or not. Slavery was an embarrassing time in Americas history. The evidence is the facts, data, and quoted experts used to provide support for the reasoning. Use the present tense of the verb. Suppose that you are trying to get information from people who equivocate. In his 1894 Blessings of Liberty and Education speech, presented a few months before his death, Douglass ventured on the subject a last word that he feared would be more useful than palatable: Since emancipation we hear much said of our modern colored leaders in commendation of race pride, race love, race effort, race superiority, race men and the like. Reasons for a claim can also be written as a "because" statement with the claim: the United States should ban capital punishment because capital punishment costs taxpayers more than life in prison. Are there predictions to be made about future developments of this issue? In his heart of hearts, Douglass would later reflect, Lincoln loathed and hated slavery.[25] The foundation of this deepened appreciation was of course Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation, promised in September 1862 and delivered the following January. III, pp. 2 - Evidence. First, it makes clear that Douglasss demand for nothing but fair play allowed for vigorous protective and remedial action by the federal government. One is that slavery was an institution that corrupted whites and robbed (or attempted to rob) blacks of their humanity. What evidence does he use to support his claim?" Shubhra Mohanty June 09, 2022 In these three stories, as well as in a sizable number of other articles, lectures, and letters, Douglass strongly advocated against slavery. Frederick. Common Core ELA Grade 8 - Writing: Standards, Writing Arguments: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.1, How to Support Your Claims in Writing With Reasoning and Evidence, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses. They were great men too. [26] Douglass, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, in Frederick Douglass: Autobiographies, pp. The climactic reversal in his youth came when he resolved to resist, and successfully resisted, a cruel slavemasters attempt to whip him. [57] Douglass, Schools Are a Common Platform of Nationality, May 9, 1872, in Douglass Papers, Vol. -reinforces the idea of the great principles of political freedom and natural justice, Identify two biblical allusions Douglass makes, and then explain how each contributes to Douglass's overall argument, -He wants to use any means to convince people to end slavery. . Scarcely less important than suffrage as a guarantor of personal security were property rights. Douglass saw slavery as a, It is at this time that Frederick Douglass learns one of the greatest freedoms of all. The reason "capital punishment costs taxpayers more than life in prison" answers "why" capital punishment should be banned. For example, This view ignores the conclusive evidence that This position is mistaken because, 3. The effect of abolishing slavery, without conferring equal rights, he contended, would be [to doom] the colored race to a condition indescribably wretched and the dreadful contagion of their vices and crimes would fly like cholera and small pox through all classes. You're going to need to support your claim to get rid of that crummy, old, obsolete phone that's holding you back. In a widely publicized speech commemorating the Constitutions bicentennial, Marshall asserted that in its infamously pro-slavery ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), the Supreme Court merely reaffirmed the prevailing opinion of the Framers regarding the rights of Negroes in America. He claimed that Chief Justice Roger Taney, writing for the Court in that case, had accurately described the Founders views when he alleged that in the Founders day, black Americans, had for more than a century before been regarded as beings of an inferior order, and altogether unfit to associate with the white raceand so far inferior, that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect; and that the Negro might justly and lawfully be reduced to slavery for his benefit. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved, Masterplots II: African American Literature Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself Analysis, Critical Edition of Young Adult Fiction Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself Analysis, Critical Context (Masterplots II: African American Literature), Critical Context (Critical Edition of Young Adult Fiction), Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, Written by Himself, Frederick Douglass. The labor and stripes that accompanied slaveryeven its lasting material deprivationsdid not reach the depth of its harmful effects in Douglasss estimation. Eachno-prepresource allows students to work at their own paces via mastery learning. The following sentence frames helped out my students considerably: First Contrasting Transition +Name the Opposition +Strong Verb + Opposing Point of View +Evidence + Analysis + Second Contrasting Transition + Reference the Opposing Point of View + Turn, However, But, Admittedly, Although, Alternatively, Strong Verbs + Denial/Assertion or Assertion, Denial:reject, oppose, disagree, question, doubt thisview andAssertion:argue that, reason that, claim that, support, conclude that. Douglasss escape from slavery and eventual freedom are inseparable from his movingly narrated attainment of literacy. When Douglass remarked on Americas inexpiable debt to those who had been enslaved, he was not demanding an effort to restore, however imperfectly, the actual and potential material wealth that slavery had stolen from its victims. Then, it's time for your evidence, which, again, you have thoughtfully and thoroughly prepared. Here it is essential to note that Douglass, like James Madison, conceived of the right to property in its primary sense as a right to acquire material goods, grounded in the free use of ones faculties for productive labor. -his language is different, it proves hes educated, (b) How effective would it be for a modern audience? The first of his positive reversals occurred as he was sent to serve as a house slave in Baltimore, where, aided by his kindly slavemistress Sophia Auld, he learned the rudiments of literacy. Some of the above points adapted from theHarvard Writing Center. Aside from all the, Patrick Henry once said, give me liberty, or give me death. In the eyes of Frederick Douglass and countless others enslaved, this took on a much deeper meaning to them. Education empowers people to make good decisions and paves a future that provides opportunities. 348349 (emphasis in original). Douglass's sometimes stern emphasis on the virtues of self-reliance and self-elevation does not mean that he had grown insensitive to the magnitude of the difficulties yet to be overcome; nor . It was just what I wanted, and. Components of an Argument: Reasons and Evidence, Essay Introduction: Write a Thesis and Capture Your Audience, Point of View: First, Second & Third Person, Logos, Ethos and Pathos: 3 Ways to Appeal to an Audience in Essays, Parts of An Argument: Claims, Counterclaims, Reasons, and Evidence, Writing Informative Texts: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.2, Writing Narratives: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.3, Writing Development, Organization & Style: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.4, Revising & Editing: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.5, Conducting Research: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.7, Finding & Citing Sources: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.8, Writing Practice: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.10, CLEP American Literature: Study Guide & Test Prep, CLEP College Composition: Study Guide & Test Prep, 12th Grade English: Homework Help Resource, Praxis English Language Arts: Content Knowledge (5038) Prep, College Composition for Teachers: Professional Development, Logical Argument: Definition, Parts & Examples, Understanding Whether Given Evidence Supports a Conclusion, Drawing Conclusions Based on Internal Validity, Verifiable Evidence, Reasoning, & Logical Arguments in Science, German Baroque Literature: Characteristics & Examples, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. [45] Two things are noteworthy about this proposal. Under the whole Heavens, he remarked in 1894, there never was a people liberated from bondage under conditions less favorable to the successful beginning of a new and free mode of life, than were the Freedmen of the South. [51] With respect to corrective justice, he firmly endorsed the principle but took a subtle, carefully measured position with respect to its present application. Would you want to have stolid friends? What did Frederick Douglass oppose? II, p. 375. Sophia Auld, described as "a woman of the kindest heart and finest feelings," nevertheless became "even more violent in her opposition than her husband himself" after her husband convinced her that slaves should not be taught to read. Evidence provides factual proof for the reasons in an argument and can consist of facts, data, statistics, published study results, and quoted experts. We must not beg men to do for us what we ought to do for ourselves. Slavery has been around since the 1700s, but the subject of slavery is controversial because it not only includes information written from former slaves, but information acquired from historians. How many masters did Frederick Douglass have? The conclusion should sum up the author's entire argument from the essay. Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. "What is Frederick Douglass's overall claim in The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass? [46] See Madison, Property, in Madison: Writings (New York: Library of America, 1999), pp. The arm of the Lord is not shortened, and the doom of slavery is certain.[19] Stronger still was his statement following the Dred Scott ruling: My hopes were never brighter than now. In assembling together as we have done, our object is not to excite pity for ourselves, but to command respect for our cause, and to obtain justice for our people. His first hand accounts of the cruel nature of slavery and the thought processes of the various slave owners help to substantiate his assertion. America is said, and not without reason, to be preeminently the home and patron of self-made men. Key Arguments in "The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass", There are a number of key arguments in The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. All rights reserved. [If] the Negro cannot stand on his own legs, let him fall. Reasoning is the author's logic used to support and prove their claims. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. Douglasss sometimes stern emphasis on the virtues of self-reliance and self-elevation does not mean that he had grown insensitive to the magnitude of the difficulties yet to be overcome; nor does it mean that he had resorted to blaming the victim or placing exclusive responsibility on the freedpeople for their condition. Criticizethe evidence and analysis of the counterclaimas being unimportant, irrelevant, or a misinterpretation. These fears clearly retain their currency in our own day, as do Douglasss efforts to dispel their causes. Get the Writing Style Posters FREE Resource: Grammar/Mechanics, Literacy Centers, Study Skills, Writing argument essay, argumentative essay, common core writing standards, counterargument sentence frames, Counterarguments, Counterclaim and Refutation Sentence Frames, counterclaim sentence frames, counterclaim transitions, Counterclaims, essay argument, essay strategies, Mark Pennington, Opposing Claims, rebut, Rebuttal, Refutation, refute, Teaching Essay Strategies, writing style, and receive a free welcome gift! A claim of fact (or a factual claim) is a claim arguing that something is or is not true. [44] Douglass, We Are Not Yet Quite Free, August 3, 1869, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Add an answer. [43] Douglass, Property in Soil and Property in Man, November 18, 1848, in Life and Writings, Vol. The overall claim for an essay is also known as the thesis and can be found in the introduction of the essay. Douglass found solid reasons for believing what he repeatedly affirmed throughout the decade, as in his Dred Scott speech: I base my sense of the certain overthrow of slavery, in part, upon the nature of the American Government, the Constitution, the tendencies of the age, and the character of the American people. ALL Shopping Rod. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. [48] What the Black Man Wants, in Douglass Papers, Vol. A reason tells why the claim is made and is supported by the evidence. The central or overall claim of an argumentative essay is also known as the thesis. How does douglass refute this counterclaim? Nevertheless, his speech does make an argument. Philip S. Foner (New York: International Publishers, 195075), p. 236 (hereinafter Life and Writings). However a very courageous man, Frederick Douglass challenges those beliefs. Douglass states that "scorching irony, not convincing argument, is needed." The federal government would find itself surrounded by a hostile spirit in the lately rebellious states, he warned, and the strength to counterbalance this spirit would be found in the negroes of the south.[40] Moreover, a policy of equal suffrage would have, over time, a more profound integrative effect in the healing of racial divisions. All I ask is, give him a chance to stand on his own legs! Not transient and fitful effort, but patient, enduring, honest, unremitting, and indefatigable work, into which the whole heart is put. Much of the distinctive greatness of this nation, he continues, is due to its hospitality to just this sort of virtue. An argumentative essay is an essay in which the author makes a claim (argument) and then attempts to persuade their audience to believe their claim through reasons, evidence, and the addressing of counterclaims. II, p. 446. The Union victory signified, for Douglass, much more than the defeat of one particular rebellion and more, too, than the defeat of the troublesome particular doctrines that inspired that rebellion.